a critical approach to political life of majd al-islam kermani

majd al-islam kermani was an intellectual clergyman and outstanding journalist of constitution period who spent his life on serving his country. he fought qajar despotic government, writing several articles in newspapers especially adab, even to be exiled to kalat. but after the constitutionalists got victory and the new government established, he published four newspapers in the name of nedaye vatan, al-jamal, kashkoul and mohakemat to praise constitution and to reproach despotism. the gentleness in his speech, being not collaborated to radical journalists and his special style in dealing with the state and the court and the shah in particular led him to be accused as a hypocrite and a profiteer. these accusations intensified by his visit to isfahan when his repeated meetings with bakhtiari khans during the minor tyranny turned him in to one of the shah’s spies and made him to desist his political and journalistic activities. in this paper, reviewing the political life of majd al-islam, it is tried to clarify the accuracy or dishonesty of the accusations attributed to him and their background, the opinions of his contemporary proponents and opponents and later researchers as well.